托福阅读120长难句解析和练习

托福阅读120长难句解析和练习

托福阅读中经常会出现一些比较难懂的长难句，这对于考生来说是一大难题。本文将对托福阅读中出现的120个长难句进行解析和练习，希望对考生们有所帮助。

一、主谓宾结构

主谓宾结构是英语中最基本的语法结构，托福阅读中也会经常出现，在这里我们选择了一些比较难以理解的主谓宾句子作为例子。

• 例子1：It is the complexity of the emotions aroused by rank and status that creates the potential for motivated reasoning by the powerful in any setting where rank and status are salient.
• 例子2：Fears generated by the experience of terrorism can influence political attitudes and voting intention in the direction of the most hawkish and militant policies.
• 例子3：They then create a proposition as to what might have caused this accident, based on a variety of factors that they assess at the scene or later in the office.

以上三个例子都是主谓宾结构，但由于句中涉及到一些较为高级的从句和词汇，较难理解。例如，例子1中的"complexity"和"motivated reasoning"都是比较高级的词汇，需要考生具备一定的扩展词汇量。例子2中的"fears"和"hawkish"也是比较难的词汇，需要考生具备一定的词汇基础。例子3涉及到了"based on..."等从句结构，需要考生具备一定的语法知识。

二、倒装句

倒装句在英语中经常出现，托福阅读中也不例外，考生需要了解倒装句的构成和用法。

• 例子1：Not only are patients with Alzheimer's unable to create new memories...
• 例子2：Only when members recognize their own biases can they take steps to reduce them.
• 例子3：Never before has a manufacturer succeeded in producing on such a large scale a car that runs on hydrogen fuel cells.

以上三个例子都是倒装句，需要考生了解倒装句的构成和用法。例子1中的"not only..."和"unable to..."交换了位置，形成了倒装句。例子2中的"only when..."和"can they..."也是倒装句。例子3中的"never before..."和"has a manufacturer succeeded..."也形成了倒装句。

三、强调句

强调句在英语中通常用来强调某个词汇或短语，托福阅读中也会经常出现。

• 例子1：It was the familiar flash of recognition...
• 例子2：What the critics failed to recognize about this work was its innovative approach to storytelling.
• 例子3：It is the farmers who have suffered the most from the drought.

以上三个例子都是强调句，需要考生理解强调句的构成和用法。例子1中的"it was"和"familiar flash of recognition"构成了强调结构。例子2中的"what the critics failed to recognize about this work"和"its innovative approach to storytelling"构成了强调结构。例子3中的"it is"和"the farmers who have suffered the most from the drought"构成了强调结构。

四、独立主格结构

独立主格结构是英语中的一种独特的语法结构，托福阅读中也会出现相关句型。

• 例子1：Given the reputation of excellent workmanship that attaches to the Swiss, one might expect that the Swiss attitude toward work would be characterized by a love of detail and a meticulous attention to accuracy.
• 例子2：Elizabeth Bennett, her eyes now fixed on the table, replied with some confusion that she was not.
• 例子3：Robert K. Merton, having initially introduced the idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy, later developed a typology that recognized five different types.

以上三个例子都是独立主格结构，需要考生理解独立主格结构的构成和用法。例子1中的"given the reputation..."和"one might expect..."构成了独立主格结构。例子2中的"Elizabeth Bennett"和"her eyes now fixed on the table"构成了独立主格结构。例子3中的"Robert K. Merton"和"having initially introduced the idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy"构成了独立主格结构。

五、复杂的从句结构

从句在英语中经常出现，托福阅读中也不例外，需要考生了解复杂从句的构成和用法。

• 例子1：While there is nothing wrong with wanting to engage in other activities, the fact remains that work is and always will be the foundation upon which we build our lives.
• 例子2：Because oil prices are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future, there is an increasing interest in alternative sources of energy such as wind and solar power.
• 例子3：Even though many people are drawn to cities because they offer greater opportunities for jobs and cultural experiences, these same people often find that life in the city can be stressful and isolating.

以上三个例子都涉及到复杂的从句结构，需要考生了解从句的构成和用法。例子1中的"while there is nothing wrong with wanting to engage in other activities"和"the fact remains that work is and always will be the foundation upon which we build our lives"构成了复杂从句。例子2中的"because oil prices are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future"和"there is an increasing interest in alternative sources of energy such as wind and solar power"构成了复杂从句。例子3中的"even though many people are drawn to cities because they offer greater opportunities for jobs and cultural experiences"和"these same people often find that life in the city can be stressful and isolating"构成了复杂从句。

总结

托福阅读中的长难句往往涉及到很多高级词汇和语法结构，需要考生具备一定的词汇量和语法知识，同时也需要考生具备一定的阅读理解和分析能力。通过训练和练习，考生可以逐渐提升自己的阅读能力和解决长难句的能力。